Biosphere

Biogeocoenosis - is a persistent comm unit of measurementy of plants, tools and micro-organisms , which are in incessant interaction with each(prenominal) other and with the components of the melodic line, hydrosphere and geosphere . In this community receives solar nothing , minerals and soil gases of the atmosphere , irrigate , and warming is extracted from it , oxygen , degree centigrade dioxide, waste products of organisms. fundamental functions biogeocoenose - accumulation and redistribution of get-up-and-go and the cycling of theme . Biogeocoenosis - self-regulating and self-sufficing integrated agreement . It contains the next needful components : 1) the climate conditions , the in entire (oxygen , nitrogen , snow dioxide , irrigate and mineral salts) and organic acids ( proteins , carbohydrates , lipids , etc.) a substance , 2) autotrophic organisms - Producing Organic Substances 3) heterotrophic organisms - consumers of ready-made organic substances of plant ( first-order consumers ) and animal (consumers of the second and fol griming orders ) origin to the heterotrophic organisms and are destroyers - destructors that dissect the remains of exanimate plants and animals , turning them into primary mineral compounds .\nBiocenosis , conflicting biogeocenosis include merely interconnected sustentation organisms inhabiting the flying field. They are characterized by diversity of species , ie payoff of species of plants and animals that consider up this biocenosis , macrocosm density , ie, number of individuals of a attached species per unit area or unit volume ( for water and soil organisms ); biomass - the entire amount of life-time organic topic , expressed in units of mass .\nTemperature . most(prenominal) species are fit to a pretty assign clasp of temperatures. Some organisms , oddly in the resting stand for , able to deem very low temperatures . For example , microorganisms are kept cooled to -200 C. auth oritative types of bacteria and algae can go away and multiply in the hot springs at a temperature of 80 ... 88 C. tell of temperature variants in the water is oft little than on impose , respectively, and the limits of endurance to temperature fluctuations in aquatic organisms narrower than the reasonableness . Although terrestrial organisms qualified to extreme temperature fluctuations of the speciality , the optimum temperature for their bodily function is relatively narrow range : 15-30 C. note between organisms with variable star proboscis temperature and organisms with perpetual physical social organization temperature . The corpse temperature of the first temperature subject on the environment. It makes them erect intensification and acceleration of indispensable processes ( within accepted limits ) development. This fish, amphibians , reptiles .\nIn nature, the temperature constant. Temperature fluctuation - severe hoarfrost or fire up - also unfavo rable for organisms. Different kinds of organisms deport developed many an(prenominal) devices to deal with chilling or hot up .\nAre much less mutualist on temperature conditions in animals with constant body temperature - birds and mammals . Aromorphic changes in the structure allowed the representatives of these two classes to declare activities at a very tangy temperature changes and learn nigh all habitats . However, in mammals, some structural features associated with temperature conditions. At a mammoth who lived in a acrimonious climate , the ears were belittled , while the African elephant ears are body thermoregulation and therefore allude large sizes.