Friday, December 27, 2019

The Argument Of Favor Of The American Constitution

Name: SongXiany Yuan Instructor: Bill Davies Western legal tradition 2015/4/14 Response Paper Three The arguments in favor of the American Constitution in the Ancient world are still relevant today because the enlightenment period-informed the contemporary world in all disciplines of life as we will examine the basis of the American constitution.†¨What is an enlightened individual?†¨ An enlightened individual is the one who has undergone the actual process and experience which changes his/her perspective and perception of individuals, which has been praised in the ancient history in the world regarding to religion and cultures. Major religion was informed by people who had experienced enlightenment. Jesus and Buddha are considered to be enlightened. According to Schmidt, (1996) Kant defines enlightenment as, â€Å"man’s emergence from his self-incurred immaturity† (page 291), a process of one to think for himself without relying on others for guidance and decide what to believe and how to act using his intellectua l capabilities.†¨ Enlightenment period is the period in history about western thoughts on culture during 17th and 18th century. The period was characterized by the revolution in society and politics, philosophy, and science which lead abandonment of the medieval view of the world to the modern western world. Indeed, Zafirovski argues that, â€Å"... enlightenment represents an axiomatic cultural and intellectual of soft, and theShow MoreRelatedThe United States Supreme Court Granted Certiorari973 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic development among the American people and the law governing the Fifth Amendment in terms of public use satisfying the exemption to the clause to better the economy for public use. 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Thursday, December 19, 2019

Analysis Of Jack London s The Yukon Wilderness

Jack London was an American novelist who wrote To Build a Fire. It takes place somewhere along the paths of the Yukon wilderness. The story revolves around the protagonist who is a guy just referred to as â€Å"the man.† The man sets off on a journey on a frigid day with the idea that he will meet his friends by suppertime. However, his lack of wherewithal for cold and his overwhelming optimism about his situation leads him to a point of no return. As the man’s journey evolves, so does the parable-like morals’. Some being respect your elders and another being a man must be careful when trying to go against nature. I will argue that the moral of the story is to always trust your gut. I will prove this by honing in on specific points of the story where this theme occurs. First, as â€Å"the man’s† journey gets underway and he begins to make his way to the camp where he encounters an unlikely partner, where he should have reconsidered his judgment. à ¢â‚¬Å"At the man’s heels trotted a dog, a big native husky, the proper wolf dog†¦Its instinct told it a truer tale than was told to by the man’s judgment†¦The dog did not know anything about thermometers. Possibly in its brain there was no sharp consciousness of a condition of a very cold such as in the man’s brain. But the brute had its instinct† (P.125). The quote is saying that though the dog is native, has keen animal instincts, and is familiar with the cold temperatures. The inner voice of the dog was telling it that the extreme

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

APA (American Psychological Association)

Question: Discuss about the APA (American Psychological Association). Answer: Introduction: The study comprises of the information regarding storing, sharing and examining healthcares IT or information technology related processes and the impact of IT on healthcare organizations. The medicinal services associations use HIT or wellbeing data innovation for enhancing understanding consideration (Alijohani, Davis Connolly, 2015). Not just the medicinal services associations can make utilization of the wellbeing IT. Additionally, the patients can utilize HIS for reaching specialists and making a meeting with them. The former parts presented the theoretical premise for the field of biomedical informatics, including the utilization of patient information in clinical practice and research. We presently center consideration on the patient record, regularly alluded to as the patient's outline on the other hand restorative record (Hsiao Hing, 2012). The Requirement of Information Technology: At present world, the need of data innovation is exceptionally vital. As the number of patients has expanded in a decade ago and persistently expanding it is a cerebral pain to physically handle all the data. Furthermore, through data innovation, the human services associations can give more care to the patients. In view of the new live video benefit, the patients don't have to visit the specialists any longer (Piho et al., 2014). Portable applications can be utilized for setting arrangement amongst specialist and patient. Along these lines, the patient fulfillment will expand step by step. The data frameworks are likewise effective to deal with all the human services' inside procedures, for example, appointing medical caretakers, specialist, making installments and getting installments. The reason for a patient information is to evaluate perceptions, to brighten others, to instruct substitutes, to pick up evidence, for screening execution. Moreover, it is useful in terms of legitimizing intercessions (Alijohani, Davis Connolly, 2015). The numerous utilizations portrayed in this announcement, in spite of the fact that different, have a solitary objectiveto advance the utilization of wellbeing sciences in ways that enhance the prosperity of patients, including the behavior of examination and general wellbeing exercises that address populace wellbeing. However, observational investigations of doctors' utilization of the paper-based record find that logistical, hierarchical, and other viable confinements lessen the adequacy of customary records for putting away and sorting out an ever-increasing number of different information. An electronic wellbeing record or EHR is intended to overcome huge numbers of these restrictions, and also to give extra advantages that can't be accomplished by a static perspective of occasions (Hsiao Hing, 2012). Importance of Information Technology in Healthcare Survival: Data and correspondence innovations or ICTs envelop all advanced advances that encourage the electronic catch, handling, stockpiling and trade of data. ICTs can possibly address a hefty portion of the difficulties that human services frameworks are as of now going up against. ICT applications could enhance data administration, access to wellbeing administrations, quality and security of consideration, congruity of administrations, and costs regulation. Besides, patients need clinicians to utilize ICTs (Alijohani, Davis Connolly, 2015). With expanding computerization in each area of action, ICTs are relied upon to wind up apparatuses that are a piece of medicinal services proficient practice. In any case, it creates the impression that few ICT applications remain underused by medicinal services experts. Medicinal services associations, especially doctor practices, are regularly brought up as recognizably lingering behind in the reception of these advancements. Human and hierarchical components have often been recognized as the primary driver of ICT execution disappointment (Hsiao Hing, 2012). Information Technology Requirements: Cost: The IT can be executed in an association through two ways. In the first place, actualizing the in-house framework and second, cloud based framework. For two of the cases, the expense is distinctive (Goossen, 2014). For cloud benefit, the shopper association needs to pay just the month to month or week after week charges, and the expense of the assets are totally of the supplier. The in-house framework alludes to the framework that exists in the workplace reason, and all the expense must be banished by the association. In spite of the fact that on account of cloud based framework, the framework is sent in the cloud and the association get to the framework through the sound web association (Schwalbe, 2015). Planning: The arranging stage relies on upon the necessities of the medicinal services association. It comprises of the worries like a number of assets are required and what conveyance model to be utilized (Cresswell Sheikh, 2013). The nature of administration and danger minimization are likewise incorporated into the arranging stage. Designing: The framework and the underlying accesses and processes of the system are the concern of the designing part (Goossen, 2014). Utensils: Hardware, software, disaster recovery, backup, database and much more are the different apparatuses that should be chosen precisely before conveying the framework (Schwalbe, 2015). Installation: Experienced and all around qualified staff will be in charge of introducing the framework. From the framework to the required assets, all the apparatuses must be introduced appropriately, and they should have the association between them (Cresswell Sheikh, 2013). Use of Information Technology in Healthcare: A PC based patient-record (EHR) framework includes data management strategies to provide linkages with learning hotspots for medicinal services choice backing, clinical updates and cautions, and investigation of total information both for look after research (Latha, Murthy Sunitha, 2012). To utilize a paper-based patient record, the pursuer must control information either rationally or on paper to gather critical clinical data. Conversely, an EHR framework gives PC based apparatuses to help the pursuer arrange, translate, and respond to information (Liu et al., 2015). Achieving the client are presently a simple errand. In the event that the patient is neglecting to visit a specialist for more than two times, then he or she are reached. Also, the applications that are introduced in the cell phones gets notification of the arrangement before a day so that the patient keep in mind. In medicinal services business diminishing the expense of the procedure is an incredibly favorable position. As the IT will consequently do the greater part of the minor and medium errands, the cost paying extra workers will be not anymore required (Ciampa Revels, 2012). It will likewise do the redundant works for lessening the expense of running exercises. The IT additionally help with expanding the profitability of the procedures in any case whether those are interior or outside. The accomplishing of medicinal services gets upgraded as the procedures turn out to be more associated and are executed in arrangement (Goossen, 2014). The shot of blending the obligations of the laborer gets just about dispensed with. The contact with the solution supplier and other utensil suppliers get expanded. The patients can contact the specialist instantly from anyplace. For getting the arrangement, they don't have to visit the human services (Ciampa Revels, 2012). For minor cases, the patients can do video talks with the specialist. Benefit of Using IT in Healthcare: The use of IT is an advantage for healthcare organizations as it offers as following. Enhancing security and protection of patient data. Reducing paper works through the utilization of EHR HER (Magrabi et al., 2013). Provide better coordination between the specialists and patients. Through speaking with each other, the human services associations are finding new conceivable outcomes (Venkatesh, Thong Xu, 2012). Risks of Integrating IT in Healthcare: Data is everything in business. So losing the data can mean losing business. In the event that the human services loses key data, it most likely will get influenced by the money related issues. Security is an enormous issue as far as data innovation (Magrabi et al., 2013). The assailants can hack the framework and get all the profitable data. In the event that the data of the patient gets unapproved workforce, it will be against the privacy. Maintenance and Monitoring of IT in Healthcare: For checking the business, the social insurance associations are making utilization of electronic wellbeing record (Venkatesh, Thong Xu, 2012). It stores all the data of the patient and makes it accessible to the approved staff. Recommendations: The recommendations are following. Security: The security must be increased in terms of information flowing from organization to organization to patient. Internal networks must be using new security controls. The patients also have to more secure and contribute to the cause (Ciampa Revels, 2012). Productivity: For increasing productivity, more analysis on the processes. The connection between activities and involvement of healthcare staffs and patents must be improved (Magrabi et al., 2013). Conclusion: The conclusion that can be gathered from the above conclusion is that use of IT in the right way can provide enormous profit in every possible way. The framework mechanizes a significant number of the low, mid and repetitive procedures. The last conclusion is that the HIS can acquire advantage leading business in the social insurance industry, yet it must be utilized appropriately to get the advantage from it. The human services data framework makes utilization of electronic wellbeing record for putting away and recovering patient data. The cutting edge innovations will be utilized for upgrading the patient fulfillment. The electronic wellbeing record builds the proficiency of information accessibility. Keeping up the framework after usage is urgent for any association as the imperfection in upkeep won't give any benefit to the association. References: Alijohani, A., Davis, P., Connolly, R. (2015). Healthcare information technology (HIT) in Saudi Arabia health care systems: an overview. Bilbao-Osorio, B., Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. (2013). The global information technology report 2013. Ciampa, M., Revels, M. (2012).Introduction to healthcare information technology. Cengage Learning. Cresswell, K., Sheikh, A. (2013). Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), e73-e86. Goossen, W. T. (2014). Detailed clinical models: Representing knowledge, data and semantics in healthcare information technology.Healthcare informatics research,20(3), 163-172. Hsiao, C. J., Hing, E. (2012).Use and Characteristics of Electronic Health Record Systems Among Office-Based Physician Practices, United States, 2001-2012(pp. 1-8). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Latha, N. A., Murthy, B. R., Sunitha, U. (2012). Electronic Health Record.International Journal of Engineering,1(10). Liu, W., Cai, S., Ramesh, B. P., Chiriboga, G., Knight, K., Yu, H. (2015). Translating Electronic Health Record Notes from English to Spanish: A Preliminary Study.ACL-IJCNLP 2015, 134. Magrabi, F., Aarts, J., Nohr, C., Baker, M., Harrison, S., Pelayo, S., ... Coiera, E. (2013). A comparative review of patient safety initiatives for national health information technology.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), e139-e148. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology.MIS quarterly,36(1), 157-178.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Understanding Greek Cultures Influence on Democratic Ideas

Introduction The Greek culture shaped the Western thinking and culture as its influence is felt in almost every aspect of human life from medicine, law, art, architecture to science (Noble, 2008). The Greeks, for example, invented geometry as they used it to make sense of the world and specifically to measure distance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Understanding Greek Culture’s Influence on Democratic Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In everything, Greeks were challenged to define the problem, research it and use some mathematical construct to explain it. Their discovery and use of geometry helped them to create navigational diagrams and maps for trade routes, become master architectures and building and modeling geniuses. This is said by Tarnas, (1991) to have shaped the Western culture of syllogisms, logic and duality principles among others. Also, in the Greek culture is the rise of ind ividuals who shaped the thought process of the world. Socrates, Aristotle and Plato, laid the ground for the majority of modern philosophical thought, questioning and scientific methodology. In his philosophy, Socrates taught about relaying heavily on sense as a primary data gathering method while Plato and Aristotle stressed on knowledge and scientific experimentation together with sensory data and logic as the critical methods of conducting an inquiry and rationalization. The most distinctive influence on the Western culture is the rise and development of democracy. The rise of democratic values and institutions was as a result of measured transformation in the principles guiding distribution of power. It is the Greeks that came up with the idea of a government that is answerable to the governed, civil liberties and trial by jury. The civil liberties and studies on humans were the cornerstone of ancient Greeks’ culture. This sense of liberty and independence both as individ uals and collectively encouraged their endeavors in philosophy, politics and science (Spielvogel, 2010). Democracy in the modern world is described by Spielvogel, (2010) as several related forms of government with a fundamental feature of a government based on majority rule and put in power through the consent of the governed.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also based on the principles of existence of free and fair elections, protection of the minority, preservation of human rights, equality of all in the face of law, following the due process and political pluralism. This modern view of democracy traces its origin to the ancient Greeks, Romans and South Asia and has spread throughout the world with many nations claiming to adhere to its principles. This has led to a lot of diversity in the concept of democracy making it extremely difficult to define. It does no t, however, apply only to the political state but also in other groups and organizations. In order to understand the Greek culture’s influence to the way Western Europe idea of democracy, the discussion will touch on the history of Greece and the rise of democracy and the influence of Greek philosophy on religion and Western thought and culture (Tarnas, 1991). The history of Greece Ancient Greece There is not much recorded history of early Greece leading this period to be called the Dark Age of Ancient Greece. The first inhabitants built their settlements along the shores of Greece where they depended on trade and supplies on the Aegean Sea. The Greeks travelled, traded and interacted with many people from different cultures where they learned agriculture and various techniques of metalwork. This interaction led to development of communities such as Aegeans with their center in Crete, Achaeans with their center in Mycenae and the Pelasgians. During the 2500 BC period, the Aeg eans dominated the region, but around 1400 BC, a volcanic eruption destroyed the island Minoan Thera east of Crete which disrupted Minoan functionality and influence and later they were absorbed by the Mycenaean Greeks (Gress, 1998). The settlements eventually changed into city-states or poleis which were governed by a council and a king. This structure was unstable due to kings changing to tyrants to their own subjects. The aristocratic people composed of mostly of landowners comprised the council leaving the majority of the people unrepresented in the system which led to uprisings (Gress, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Understanding Greek Culture’s Influence on Democratic Ideas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The beginning of the Olympic Games around 776 BC marked the start of a Greek culture and the Archaic Period of Greece where the Greek culture was significantly shaped by the forei gn culture. The art works began to explore the human figures and mythology which reached a climax during the Classical Period at around 500 BC during which the art, philosophy and literature that came to influence the world’s societies were at their peak (Noble, 2008). The period between 490 BC and 197 BC, Greece experienced many wars, which it worn and lost others, and periods when tyranny and democracy were experienced. In 490 BC, Persian Wars against Greece began led by Darius the Great of Thrace. Greece worn this round but, another one waged in 480BC by Xerxes crushed Athens and the third one, Greece managed to defeat the Persians at Salamis. By 461 BC, Athens had fully democratic governance, which Sparta saw as a threat to their aristocratic rule, and invaded Athens in the start of the Peloponnesian Wars between Sparta and Athenians. Athens emerged victorious and a truce was called with Sparta, and a peace treaty signed with Persia. In the second Peloponnesian War, Athen s lost and the Thirty Tyrants took over Athens and later killed Socrates (Noble, 2008). In 3359 BC, Philip II rose to power as Macedon king and took control of the Greek Peninsula including the competing Thebes, Athens, and Sparta powers. At his assassination in 336 BC, his son Alexander the Great took over the kingdom and later conquered and occupied Egypt and the entire Persian Empire and divided the whole kingdom into three regions: Ptolemic Egypt, Antigonid Macedonia and Seleucid Syria. Alexander later died unexpectedly and the kingdoms started conflicts with one another, disabling each other which marked the Greek downfall to Roman Empire, and incorporated Greek culture with its own. The period after Alexander’s death is called the Hellenistic Age (Noble, 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Classical and Hellenistic World During the Classical Greece period, Greece culture was built on the earlier regional civilizations of Middle East, Egypt, Crete and Mycenae. Invaders from the other parts of Asia and Europe were absorbed and Greek-speakers spread around the Aegean Sea which saw Greek culture, and politics spread widely in Middle East, North Africa and Southern Europe and later societies (Noble, 2008). Greek civilization was centered on small communities with Crete and Mycenae heritage and, which had been majorly influenced by Indo-European culture especially the polytheistic religion that gave rise to societal cultural values. Trade at the eastern Mediterranean flourished due to the introduction of coined money. This resulted into increased wealth, which triggered growth in population and social change, that led to new political structures. This was followed by adoption of the Phoenician alphabet to write the Greek language and in turn spread of literacy. With the spr ead of literacy, commercial and cultural interactions were tremendously encouraged. The Iliad and the Odyssey were written down, where they formed the foundation of the Hellenic culture. Architecture, building and modeling, was enhanced while artistic forms such as sculpture started displaying a more pragmatic depiction of the human body and pottery showed human activity. The city-state politics From 800 B.C.E governance units were based on city-state or polis polities which were different in size but comprised of a city and its agricultural hinterland. They were governed by landowning aristocrats who emerged from the Indo-European warriors with the help of a council of free farmer citizens. Commercial expansion and the development of specialized commercial agriculture became a threat to the aristocratic rule and constantly challenged the situation. With increased wealth, the difference among the haves and the haves not grew wider and by the 6th century B.C.E pressure groups in urba n, commercial centers and dispossessed farmers wanted change. The tyrants also got a lot of support in their challenge to the aristocratic class interests while reformers such as Solon of Athens worked hard to formulate laws to govern economic relationships. Moreover, democratization of the military service by qualified citizens fuelled the need for reforms. By 500 B.C.E, many polis had adopted the principles of loyalty to the governed as opposed to an individual ruler. This led to widespread participation of public life by male citizens (Spielvogel, 2010). Athens was the first to emerge as a democratic polis and adopted Solon’s reforms though some problems still existed. The rise to power of Cleisthenes saw the establishment of a council elected by all citizens which was the sovereign authority. Also, citizens served as jurors and formed the army and government officials were chosen by lot and answerable to the assembly. However, adult women, slaves and foreigners did not ha ve political rights as it is today; also aristocratic class still retained excessive importance. The political style, however, gave a lot of importance to individual participation, a centralized system and formal laws (Duiker Spielvogel, 2010). In order to relieve the building population pressure, seek grain supplies and markets for Greek products, many polis established colonies along the coast of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. This is well much like what Western European countries such as Britain and Spain did during the colonization of the Americas and Africa as Noble, (2008) says. The Olympics Games and recognition of the oracle of Delphi acted as the few activities in which the polis cooperated in. They also united and maintained their independence during the Persian invasion in which they defeated Persia. Athens emerged as dominant city-state through an alliance, Delian League where valuable resources were amassed and which triggered conflicts and political divisions. The conflicts together with a disastrous plague led to the fall of Athens and the dominance of city-state. The expansion of the Greek empire to Egypt and Middle East by Alexander the great and his father lasted a short period but managed to expand the influence of Greek culture to many regions. He encouraged intermarriages between Greek speaking people and the local women in the conquered lands, spread Greek officials throughout these lands and founded centers of Greek scholarship. After the death of Alexander, Greek officials remained in these states and became state officials and merchants solidifying the influence of Greek culture and the resulting to new intellectual framework of the much of the civilized world (Tarnas, 1991). Democracy and personal freedom as a culture propagated by the Greeks are shown in its religion according to Gress, (1998). The Greeks did not establish a major religion in their development like the Chinese and the Indians but embraced a pantheon of wild gods and goddesses who intervened in the human life and activities. These were mainly borrowed from Indo-European cultures but only adopted them with a human-centered approach. Everybody was free to adopt or worship the gods of their choice. The lack of spiritual passion is said by Duiker Spielvogel, (2010) to be the cause of the development of alternative â€Å"mystery† religions which the people adopted to gratify their needs. This also created a vacuum in the ethical thought which eventually Greek thinkers to establish a separate philosophical system. It is this effort to understand phenomena through coherent observation that gave rise to the character of Greek and Hellenistic culture, that of a questioning and experimental and discovering culture. Philosophers such as Socrates, Stoics and Aristotle, gave thoughts on morality, balancing religious and political orders, moral independence and political structures among others. The geopolitical position of Greece favored spread o f its culture Duiker Spielvogel, (2010) says that the rise of Greece as the epicenter of western thought, and culture was favored by its geopolitical position. The civilizations around this location were easily accessible through water transport, fertile lands along the region encouraged the growth in population among different groups.   These groups exhibited diverse cultures that were highly advanced due to the exchange of ideas. The Greek-city states were at the center of this ‘information highway’ and their location provided excellent trading ports as many of them relied heavily on trade as their lands were not agriculturally productive especially in Athens, as opposed to many of their neighbors. This meant they travelled and interacted with many cultures spreading their culture and democratic ideas. Greek thought as distinct in Eastern philosophy The influence of diverse and advanced cultures in the Asian and North African civilization elevated the Greek culture to achieve a distinct flavor that gave it a life of its own as outlined Duiker Spielvogel, (2010) again outlines. The Greek culture of inquiry and reason in explaining things gave rise to Philosophers who achieved great status during Socrates era around 5th century BC. Socrates contributed a lot in the world of philosophy and democracy with his thoughts on ethics, government and law and investigating the nature of knowledge and how to gain it. Plato emerged also as a great philosopher under the studentship of Socrates and established his brand of philosophical thought. He brought to life the idea of a â€Å"spiritual† aspect of the world and began to interpret the things in this light. Aristotle also came with the idea of using senses primarily in the understanding of the world which was a conflicting thought from that of Plato, his mentor. Many more schools of thought trying to explain things in different disciplines emerged and with different perspectives but with inquiry and reason guiding them. During this time, Eastern and Western thought and culture came into collision as Greek military adventurism came into contact with the Eastern world and left a mark into each other while at the same time bringing out their fundamental differences. The primary among these differences is the Eastern philosophy of giving more power to the ruling class while the masses are seen as harmonized entity, and both functioning for the good of all. Western ideals propagated by Greek would lead to democratic systems leaning on individual liberties over â€Å"state† interests (Tarnas, 1991). Greek philosophy shaping on Christianity and Judaism Tarnas, (1991) says that both religions had a enormous philosophical influence from the Greek thought. Christianity became intertwined with Greek philosophy, which then spread to the Western civilizations, putting the finishing touch on the influence of Greek culture’s influence on the Western thought and culture. It is during the Renaissance period t around 1400s and the Enlightenment period in 1800s that the Dark Ages are finally over, and Greek philosophy advanced, democracy reinvented and scientific discoveries made among other things. The British Empire was at the helm of these two developments leading in democracy, technological development, which resulted in the industrial revolution, military prowess which is the pictures of the Roman Empire. USA which later emerged as the world power adopted the western philosophies of democracy as the preservation of individual freedoms for its citizens and Christian principles (Noble, 2008). Conclusion Greek thought and culture shaped the Western thinking on democracy and culture in general. The Greeks developed ideas on democratic values and institutions as a guide to distribution of power. They developed the idea of a government voted in and responsible to the governed, civil liberties and personal freedoms and the laid basis for the modern judicial system of trial by jury. The adoption of democratic ideals has varied across the world rendering it impossible to define what democracy is, its Greek origins can not be denied. The development of democracy can be traced in the history of Greece which is divided into three periods: Ancient Greece, Classical Greece and Hellenistic period. Much of the Greek thought and culture developed during the classical and Hellenistic periods with the rise of city-states, where citizens, that is, adult men, voted their representatives to the Council or Assembly that was answerable to them. Philosophers also emerged who emphasized on inquiry and reasoning to explain human nature and phenomena and laid the basis for modern democratic ideas. The geopolitical position of Greece coupled with trade as their main economic activity allowed them to spread their culture and ideas. The Greek philosophy emerged as distinct from the Eastern thought, which though they impacted on each other, had their most not able difference in the idea of democracy and this impacted on how it was adopted by the Western civilizations. Further, the Greek culture and thought was adopted by the Roman Empire which influenced the main Religions: Christianity and Judaism in Asia. Greek philosophy influenced Christianity and Christianity likewise and which spread to the Western world putting the final touches on the Western thought and culture. After the fall, of Roman Empire, the Western world, led by British Empire reinvented democracy and other aspects of the Greek culture. Reference List Duiker, W., Spielvogel, J. (2010). The essential world history, volume two: since  1500. USA: Cengage Learning. Gress, D. (1998). From Plato to NATO: the idea of the west and its opponents. USA:  Simon and Schuster. Noble, T. (2008). Western civilization: beyond boundaries. New York: Cengage  Learning. Spielvogel, J. (2010). Western civilization: a brief history. New York: Cengage Learning. Tarnas, R. (1991). The pas sion of the western mind: understanding the ideas that  have shaped our world view. New York: Harmony Books. 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